Nanotechnology is a much more recent area of study. However, the term was coined as early as 1974 by Norio Taniguchi. They are currently created most commonly by applications, optical, mechanical, and research and development (R & D) engineers.(1,2) Their application is spreading across various fields, including healthcare, homeland security, environmental science, and information technology.(3) As with many devices, their efficacy and nature must be tested and revised by professionals, such as those provided by MicroBio Consulting. 

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Depending on where nanotechnology is in its lifecycle, it can exist in research laboratories, testing facilities, hospitals, and engineering projects. This technology's modern nature allows for a creative application of this technology to almost any field, including healthcare, environment, and climate change efforts. 

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Nanotechnology has a limited size and therefore requires a background in mathematics, engineering, and physics. Similar to medical devices, they are made from a countless number of materials, including, but not limited to, metals, plastic polymers, and ceramics. Depending on how nanotechnology is applied, the process varies for how this is produced. For example, if used in healthcare, see Medical Devices for a more detailed outline of the steps in certifying a medical device. MicroBio Consulting works to understand the intended use of such devices and, resultantly, the testing and requirements for that device as both FDA and ISO standards vary based on the technology application. This way new forms of nanotechnology can be reviewed and tested for safety. Following this process, the product can be manufactured and distributed accordingly.